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本帖最后由 hkhtg090201 于 2011-10-4 11:00 编辑
NASA为概念研究选择科学调查
NASA Selects Science Investigations For Concept Studies
Published by Klaus Schmidt on Fri Sep 30, 2011
— NASA has selected 11 science proposals, including one from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, for evaluation as potential future science missions. The proposals outline prospective missions to study the Earth’s atmosphere, the sun, the Milky Way galaxy, and Earth-like planets around nearby stars.
为了评估潜在的未来科学任务，NASA选择了11个科学提议，包括一个来自喷气推进实验室（的），.....
The selections were made from responses to Announcements of Opportunity for Explorer Missions and Explorer Missions of Opportunity released by the agency last November. The proposals were judged to have the best science value and feasible development plans.
这些选择作出....从去年11月。这些建议被认为拥有最好的科学价值和可行的发展计划。
“NASA continues to seek opportunities to push the cutting edge of science,” said Paul Hertz, chief scientist for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington. “Innovative proposals like these will help us better understand our solar system and the universe.”
Five Explorer Mission proposals were selected from 22 submitted in February. Each team will receive $1 million to conduct an 11-month mission concept study. Mission costs are capped at $200 million each, excluding the launch vehicle. In addition, one Explorer Mission proposal was selected for technology development and will receive $600,000. Five Mission of Opportunity proposals were selected from 20 submissions. Each will receive $250,000 to conduct an 11-month implementation concept study. Mission costs are capped at $55 million each.
5个探索任务建议在2月份从22个提交中被选定。 每个小组将得到100万美元，进行为期11个月的任务概念研究。 任务费用上限为2亿美元，不包括运载火箭。还有，一个探索任务提议被选定为技术的发展，将获得$ 600,000。5个机会建议的任务是从20个submissions中选择出。每个将分别获得25万美元进行11个月的实施概念研究。任务费用是每个$ 55m封顶。
Following the detailed mission concept studies, NASA plans to select up to two of the Explorer Mission proposals and one or more of the five Mission of Opportunity proposals in February 2013. The missions would then proceed toward flight and some could launch by 2016.
经过详细的任务概念研究，NASA计划在2013年3月 进一步选择2个 Explorer Mission proposals 任务和1个或更多 Mission of Opportunity proposals 任务（深入研究？），...一些可能在2016发射...
The selected Explorer Mission proposals are(5个):
选择的探索任务建议：
1.
-Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON)
Thomas Immel, Principal Investigator (PI), University of California, Berkeley — The mission would fly instruments to understand the extreme variability in our Earth’s ionosphere, which can interfere with communications and geopositioning signals.
电离层接触探测器
2.
-Fast INfrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINESSE)
Mark Swain, PI, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. — This proposal would use a space telescope to survey more than 200 planets around other stars. This would be the first mission dedicated to finding out what comprises exoplanet atmospheres, what conditions or processes are responsible for their composition, and how our solar system fits into the larger family of planets.
快速太阳系外行星INfrared（红外）光谱测量探测器（FINESSE）
这项建议将使用一个太空望远镜，调查200多个其他恒星周围的行星。这将是专注于寻找太阳系外行星大气层由什么组成的第一个任务，什么样的条件或过程形成了它们组成，以及...
3.
-Observatory for Heteroscale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (OHMIC)
James Burch, PI, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio — The mission would use a pair of spacecraft flying in formation to study the processes that provide energy to power space weather storms. These storms create auroras and other electromagnetic activity that can impact orbiting spacecraft operations.
4.
-Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
George Ricker, PI, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
— Using an array of telescopes, TESS would perform an all-sky survey to discover transiting exoplanets, ranging from Earth-sized to gas giants, in orbit around the nearest and brightest stars in the sky. The mission’s primary goal would be to identify terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars.
凌日（过境）系外行星测量卫星.
使用一个望远镜阵列，TESS将执行全天空的调查,发现凌日太阳系外行星，在天空最近的和最亮的恒星周围的轨道，范围从地球大小到气体巨头。任务的首要目标将是在恒星附近的可居住区确定类地行星.
5.
-Atmosphere-Space Transition Region Explorer (ASTRE)
Robert Pfaff Jr., PI, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
— The mission would study the interaction between the Earth’s atmosphere and the ionized gases of space. By flying excursions deep into the Earth’s upper atmosphere, its measurements would improve satellite drag models and show how space-induced currents in electric power grids originate and evolve with time.
空间大气过度区探测器
The selected Explorer Mission of Opportunity proposals are（5个）:
选择的（机会建议？）的探测任务
6.
-Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD)
Richard Eastes, PI, University of Central Florida, Orlando — This would involve an imaging instrument that would fly on a commercial communications satellite in geostationary orbit to image the Earth’s thermosphere and ionosphere.
7.
-Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER)
Keith Gendreau, PI, Goddard — This mission would place an X ray timing instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) to explore the exotic states of matter within neutron stars and reveal their interior and surface compositions.
有关中子星的....
8.
-Coronal Physics Investigator (CPI)
John Kohl, PI, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge — A solar telescope would be mounted on the ISS to investigate the processes that produce the sun’s fast and slow solar wind.
有关太阳风的....
9.
-Gal/Xgal U/LDB Spectroscopic/Stratospheric THz Observatory (GUSSTO)
Christopher Walker, PI, University of Arizona, Tucson — This mission would launch a high altitude balloon with a one-meter telescope to provide a comprehensive understanding of the inner workings of our Milky Way galaxy and one of our galaxy’s companion galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud.
...气球带望远镜...研究银河系..
10.
-Ion Mass Spectrum Analyzer for SCOPE (IMSA),
Lynn Kistler PI, University of New Hampshire, Durham — This partner mission of opportunity would provide a composition instrument to the Japanese cross-Scale Coupling in the Plasma universE (SCOPE) mission. SCOPE will study fundamental space plasma processes including particle acceleration, magnetic reconnection, and plasma turbulence.
离子质谱分析仪 ....将研究的基本空间等离子体过程，包括粒子加速，磁场重联，和等离子体湍流...
The proposal selected for technology development funding is（1个）：
（为技术开发投资的建议选择）:
11.
-The Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer (EXCEDE),
Glenn Schneider, PI, University of Arizona, Tucson
– The technology development effort will enable studies of the formation, evolution, and architectures of exoplanetary systems through direct imaging.
系外行星环绕恒星的环境和（碟盘？）探测器.
这个技术开发努力将通过直接成像的形成，能够研究系外行星系统的构成，演化，体系结构。
The Explorer program is the oldest continuous program at NASA. It is designed to provide frequent, low-cost access to space using PI-led space science investigations relevant to the agency’s astrophysics and heliophysics programs. Initiated with the Explorer 1 launch in 1958 that discovered the Earth’s radiation belts and including the Cosmic Background Explorer mission that led to Nobel prizes for their investigators, the Explorer program has launched more than 90 missions. It is managed by Goddard for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
探索项目是美国宇航局最悠久的持续计划。它的目的是提供频繁，低成本进入太空....空间科学调查，有关NASA的天体物理学和太阳物理学方案。1958年开始启动的探测器1号发现了地球的辐射带，其中包括宇宙背景探测使命，他们的调查导致获得诺贝尔奖，这个探测项目已推出了90多个任务。它由戈达德...科学任务理事会管理。
来源：
http://spacefellowship.com/news/art26777/nasa-selects-science-investigations-for-concept-studies.html
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